Pope Francis met with Fidel Castro on Sunday after urging thousands of Cubans to serve one another and not an ideology, delivering a subtle jab at the communist system during a Mass celebrated under the gaze of an image of Che Guevara in Havana's iconic Revolution Plaza.
The Vatican described the 40-minute meeting at Castro's residence as informal and familial, with an exchange of books and discussion about big issues facing humanity, including Francis' recent encyclical on the environment and the global economic system.
Unlike the 2012 visit of Benedict XVI, when Castro peppered the German theologian with questions, the meeting with Francis was more of a conversation, papal spokesman the Rev. Frederico Lombardi said.
A photo provided by Alex Castro, Fidel's son and official photographer, showed the 89-year-old former president and Francis looking into each other's eye as they shook hands, the pope in his white vestments and Castro in a white button-down shirt and Adidas sweat top. Castro appeared to be gripping another, unidentified man for support.
As a Jesuit pope with a Franciscan name, Francis preaches a life of simplicity and detachment to luxury. Castro has been criticized in South Florida for fomenting equality in poverty, while owning exquisite wines and sparing no expense when it comes to his security.
The island's communist government never outlawed religion, per se. But it came close, closing religious schools after Fidel Castro came to power in 1959, expelling priests and sending others to prison or work camps, including the current archbishop of Havana, Cardinal Jaime Ortega.
Castro began easing prohibitions on faith in the 1990s, removing constitutionally enshrined atheism ahead of a visit by Pope John Paul II and reinstating Christmas as a public holiday soon after.
The Catholic Church today has quietly established itself as practically the only independent institution with any widespread influence on the island. Expanding into areas once utterly dominated by the state, the church is providing tens of thousands of people with food, education, business training and even libraries stocked with foreign best-sellers.
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Cuban Catholics welcome Pope Francis to Havana Cathedral
But it still is seeking more freedom to spread the faith: Church authorities have long wanted to run full-time private schools and get religious programming on state-run airwaves, both of which the government has resisted
Many Cubans are increasingly concerned about a growing inequality in the communist island, in which those with relatives who are sending U.S. dollars or Euros live lives of relative luxury, while others can barely feed themselves.
"This is very important for us," said Mauren Gomez, 40, who traveled about 155 miles from Villa Clara to Havana by bus, spending her time reciting the Rosary.
SUNDAY CATHOLIC MASS
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami's Archbishop Thomas Wenski assisted the pope during the historic Sunday morning mass in Havana.
In his homily, delivered under the gaze of the plaza's iconic metal portrait of atheist revolutionary "El Che" Guevara, the pope urged Cubans to care for one another out of a sense of service, not ideology.
"Whoever wishes to be great must serve others, not be served by others," he said, explaining that, "Service is never ideological, for we do not serve ideas, we serve people."
He exhorted Christians to "to learn to see Jesus in every person bent low on the path of life, in all our brothers and sisters who hunger or thirst, who are naked or in prison or sick."
Maria Regla González, a 57-year-old teacher, said she appreciated Francis' message of reconciliation and unity for all Cubans, and said Francis was particularly able to convey it given he is Latin American and speaks their language.
"This is a crucial moment, and the pope's support for us is very important," she said. "He made a call for unity, and that's what we want."
BUSY ITINERARY
The morning Mass kicked off a busy series of events for the pope, including a formal meeting with President Raul Castro. Francis will finish with an evening vespers service in the San Cristobal cathedral and meet with Cuban young people. He will be in Holguin and Santiago de Cuba Monday.
Upon his arrival, the pope plunged head-first into the rapprochement, urging the Cuban and U.S. governments to push forward on their newly forged path and "develop all its possibilities."
Francis wrote a personal appeal to Presidents Barack Obama and Raul Castro and hosted their delegations at a secret meeting at the Vatican last year to seal a deal after 18 months of closed-door negotiations.
Since then, the two leaders have reopened embassies, held a personal meeting and at least two phone calls and launched a process aimed at normalizing ties in fields ranging from trade to tourism to telecommunications.
The Vatican has long opposed the U.S. trade embargo on the grounds that it hurts ordinary Cubans most, and is clearly hopeful that detente will eventually lead to a lifting of sanctions. But only the U.S. Congress can remove the embargo.
The pope will visit Congress next week at the start of the U.S. leg of his trip, but it's not known if he will raise the issue there.
The Associated Press reporters Nicole Winfield, Michael Weissenstein, E. Eduardo Castillo and Anne-Marie Garcia in Havana and Christine Armario and Andrea Rodriguez worked on this report.
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Behind the scenes: Local 10 News in Cuba